{"id":2413,"date":"2023-02-11T05:13:04","date_gmt":"2023-02-11T05:13:04","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/?p=2413"},"modified":"2023-02-11T05:57:55","modified_gmt":"2023-02-11T05:57:55","slug":"production-of-internal-ceramic-construction-of-v94-2-gas-turbine-combustion-chamber-chambers-by-freeze-casting-method","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/production-of-internal-ceramic-construction-of-v94-2-gas-turbine-combustion-chamber-chambers-by-freeze-casting-method\/","title":{"rendered":"Production of internal ceramic construction of V94.2 gas turbine combustion chamber chambers by freeze casting method"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"2413\" class=\"elementor elementor-2413\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-aa0c532 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"aa0c532\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-f33e87b\" data-id=\"f33e87b\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-8f75136 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"8f75136\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-918eb91\" data-id=\"918eb91\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-6406ea1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"6406ea1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 10-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-image{text-align:center}.elementor-widget-image a{display:inline-block}.elementor-widget-image a img[src$=\".svg\"]{width:48px}.elementor-widget-image img{vertical-align:middle;display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2414\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at.webp 275w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at-200x196.webp 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a0456f8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"a0456f8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c7dc62\" data-id=\"9c7dc62\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-90f6e4c xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"90f6e4c\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t<style>\/*! elementor - v3.20.0 - 10-04-2024 *\/\n.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-stacked .elementor-drop-cap{background-color:#69727d;color:#fff}.elementor-widget-text-editor.elementor-drop-cap-view-framed .elementor-drop-cap{color:#69727d;border:3px solid;background-color:transparent}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap{margin-top:8px}.elementor-widget-text-editor:not(.elementor-drop-cap-view-default) .elementor-drop-cap-letter{width:1em;height:1em}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap{float:left;text-align:center;line-height:1;font-size:50px}.elementor-widget-text-editor .elementor-drop-cap-letter{display:inline-block}<\/style>\t\t\t\t<p>abstract<\/p><p>V94.2 gas turbines with rated power of 159MW and efficiency of 34.9% are considered as one of the heavy class gas turbines, which are very popular among power plant users in thermal power plants. These turbines, which fit in the form of single-axis turbines, have two silo-shaped combustion chambers with 8 burners on each. The temperature of the inlet fluid is 1060 degrees Celsius and the inner cover of the combustion chamber is made of ceramic, which can be easily replaced.<\/p><p>In this research, mullite is mixed with tubular alumina with a certain ratio and granulation along with nano silica solution and necessary additives and after shaping it is transferred to the freezing tunnel at a temperature of minus 75 degrees Celsius and finally for 10 hours at a temperature of 1550 degrees Celsius goes through the sintering stage. The physical, mechanical and thermomechanical properties of the samples such as density, percentage of open porosity, bending strength at room temperature and high temperatures, as well as the coefficient of thermal expansion of the produced samples were measured by freeze casting and traditional methods. All tests were done at Wuhan University, China, which is a member of ILAC and approved by Tawanir.<\/p><p>Key words &#8211; alumina, V94.2 gas turbines, chamber ceramics, mullite.<\/p><p>Introduction<\/p><p>Today, sol-gel technology is used to make parts, coatings (films), fibers, particles or composite materials with precise shapes and high surface quality. However, a major disadvantage of this method is the very high shrinkage of the gel formed during the drying process. Using the freeze casting method is a way to overcome this defect of the sol-gel method and to prepare parts without cracks and with near zero shrinkage [1]. Surveys show that currently some reputable companies producing complex engineering parts such as Siemens and General Motors use this method to produce their products [2, 3, 4].<\/p><p>Production in the traditional way is that the raw materials are mixed with granulation and certain proportions after weighing with glue, and after shaping by a press, they are transferred to the dryer and finally baked to achieve the required strength.\u00a0<\/p><p>Each turbine has two combustion chambers (flame tube) whose inner diameter is 2.3 meters (Figures 1 and 2). These enclosures have two types, versions 3 and 5. As seen in Figure 2, version 3 has two rows of arc-shaped ceramics and 9 rows of grooved ceramics that are held by their own holders. In version 5, three types of ceramics are used.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e0b227f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"e0b227f\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9c2c9d0\" data-id=\"9c2c9d0\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a854865 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"a854865\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"275\" height=\"270\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2415\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at-1.webp 275w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at-1-200x196.webp 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 275px) 100vw, 275px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3249460 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"3249460\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2ec85b5\" data-id=\"2ec85b5\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7b0fac8 xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"7b0fac8\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figure 1: Schematic of V94.2 gas turbine with combustion chamber<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">In section 1, a row of large-sized arc-shaped ceramics is installed, and in section 3, a row of small-sized grooved ceramics is installed. But in part 2, versions 3 and 5, which includes most of the consumable ceramics, the large grooved type is used, which are completely the same in both versions.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-9fa92be elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"9fa92be\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-2123e38\" data-id=\"2123e38\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b066fe elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"4b066fe\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img decoding=\"async\" width=\"300\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at8-300x234-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2416\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at8-300x234-1.webp 300w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at8-300x234-1-200x156.webp 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-90993d3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"90993d3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-537dcb8\" data-id=\"537dcb8\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-e0eedee xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"e0eedee\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Figure 2: Gas turbine combustion chamber V94.2<\/p><p style=\"text-align: left;\">Figure 3 shows the schematic of the bricks of both versions. For the air to enter the combustion chamber, there is about 4 mm of empty space between the ceramics. Also, in the upper part of the combustion chamber, there are 8 burners that create hot gas.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-4abeea3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"4abeea3\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-4a6ee7c\" data-id=\"4a6ee7c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2a1c76d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"2a1c76d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"248\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at3.webp\" class=\"attachment-large size-large wp-image-2417\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at3.webp 277w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at3-200x179.webp 200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-896fbbe elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"896fbbe\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9582968\" data-id=\"9582968\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4b80749 xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4b80749\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>Figure 3: Schematic of combustion chamber ceramics of V94.2 gas turbines (1) two upper rows of version 3-(2) common between versions 3 and 5-(3) middle row of version 5-(4) upper row of version 5<\/p><p>Raw materials and test method<\/p><p>Mullite with different granulations from Treibacher Company and tubular alumina from Alteo Company were used as the source of AL203. Table 1 shows the chemical analysis of raw materials used. Tubular alumina with different grain size from less than 45 microns to 2.5 mm and mullite with grain size of 0.5-1.7 mm are mixed together with nano silica solution and various additives for shaping.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-604a718 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"604a718\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-c841b9c\" data-id=\"c841b9c\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-d9cd4c1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"d9cd4c1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"500\" height=\"234\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at9-500x234.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2418\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at9-500x234.webp 500w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at9-200x94.webp 200w, https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at9.webp 559w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 500px) 100vw, 500px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-f46bbce elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"f46bbce\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-a777d17\" data-id=\"a777d17\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3c4b287 xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3c4b287\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>In the freeze casting method, raw materials with different ratios and granulations are mixed with silica gel and various additives in a mixer and poured into the mold after weighing. After the forming operation, it goes to the freezing tunnel at -75 \u00b0C by the vibrating table and the press, and during the 2-hour stop, the mold is disassembled. The part removed from the dried mold goes through the sintering process at a temperature of about 1550 \u00baC for 10 hours in a shuttle furnace to achieve the necessary strength. Various properties such as BD, MOR, HMOR, Young&#8217;s modulus, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, XRF+XRD (simultaneously) and thermal shock resistance were measured at Wuhan University, China, from samples produced by freeze casting and traditional methods.<\/p><p>Results and discussion<\/p><p>The X-ray diffraction results of the samples after baking at 1550 \u00baC showed that stoichiometric mullite with a ratio of 3:2 and corundum phase were present in both samples. The amount of amorphous or glassy phase in samples A and B was 3.93% and 4.97%, respectively. The physical and mechanical properties of the samples are given in Table 2.<\/p><p>The bulk density of the samples depends on parameters such as the type and amount of phases and the porosity of the samples. The bulk density of samples A and B are 2.92 and 2.90 grams per cubic centimeter, respectively, and there is no significant difference. The bending strength of two samples at room temperature and high temperature (1200 and 1400 degrees Celsius) shows that both samples have good resistance to applied forces. However, it can be seen that the strength of samples A at temperatures of 1200 C\u00ba and 1400 C\u00ba is 10.9 and 6.8 MPa, respectively, and for sample B it is 8.7 and 5.6 MPa. This means that sample A shows more resistance against applied stresses at high temperatures.<\/p><p>\u00a0<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-6af835a elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"6af835a\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-9cc7e19\" data-id=\"9cc7e19\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-71e943d elementor-widget elementor-widget-image\" data-id=\"71e943d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"image.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"159\" height=\"300\" src=\"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/02\/at11-159x300-1.webp\" class=\"attachment-medium size-medium wp-image-2419\" alt=\"\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-e777b22 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default xts-section-disabled\" data-id=\"e777b22\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-fd039fc\" data-id=\"fd039fc\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-4f02469 xts-scheme-inherit xts-textalign-inherit elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"4f02469\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p>The thermal shock resistance of the samples was measured from C\u00ba 1020 into running cold water. The results showed that after 30 cycles sample A did not suffer any failure and the average crack length was less than 15 mm, while sample B had an average crack length of less than 50 mm. The reason for this is the difference in the production method. In the freeze casting method, nano-silica particles are used and these particles create a thin film around the particles that make up the piece, and after heating it turns into the mullite phase [5, 6]. The resulting mullite phase, as a connecting phase between particles, increases the thermal shock resistance of the part due to its properties such as high ductility, good creep resistance, and high thermal shock resistance [7, 8, 9].<\/p><p>\u00a0Conclusion<\/p><p>The sample produced by freeze casting method has good physical properties such as density, percentage of open porosity, bending strength at room temperature and high temperatures, coefficient of thermal expansion and coefficient of thermal conductivity, and it is similar to samples by traditional method, but it has higher resistance to thermal shock than It is a traditional method. Considering the longevity of these ceramic chambers in the combustion chamber of gas turbines, it is considered a very effective parameter.<\/p><p>Reference<\/p><p>[1]Gilissen, R., Erauw, J.P., Smolders, A., (2000) Gelcasting, a near net shape technique, 21,PP. 251-257<\/p><p>[2]Grote, H., Heilos, A., and Tertilt, M. (2010). Heat shield element method and mold for the production thereof, hot-gaslining and combustion chamber US Patent, US2010\/013645 Al<\/p><p>[3] Grote, H., Heilos, A., and Tertilt, M. (2007). Heat shield block for lining a combustion chamber and gas turbine US Patent, US 2007\/0000252 Al<\/p><p>[4] Grote, H., Heilos, A., and Tertilt, M. (2007). Mold for producing a ceramic heat shield element ,US Patent 2007\/0007426 A<\/p><p>[5] Ganesh, I. and Ferreira, J. M. F. (2009). Ceramic Internatioonal, 35, 2007-2015 (2009).<\/p><p>[6] Lee, W. E. and Souzu, GP.. (2008). J. Eur. Ceram. Soc., 28, PP. 405-471<\/p><p>[7] Kim, B. M., Cho, Y. K., Yoon, Stevens, S. Y. R. H. C. Park. (2009). Ceramic international<\/p><p>[8] Schneider, H. and Wohllelon, K. (1981). Ceramic Internatioonal, 7, PP.130-136.<\/p><p>[9] Davis, R. F.. and Pask, J.A.. (1971).<\/p><p>High temperature oxides part \u0406V (editor A.M. Alper) Academic press, PP. 37-72<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>V94.2 gas turbines with rated power of 159MW and<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2414,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2413","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2413","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2413"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2413\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/2414"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2413"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2413"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/atlasceram.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2413"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}